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BIOLOGY 105 LAB - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I

Instructor: Dr. Hugh Potter, Professor of Biology

Phone Number: (908) 709 – 7529

Email address: potter@ucc.edu

Office Location: Room S206A, Cranford Campus on the 2^nd floor of the Science Building

 Course Description:

     A&P I is a course designed for pre-nursing, pre-physical therapy and other allied health students. In Biology 105, the semester’s work will include a thorough study of the molecular basis of life, cytology and histology. The functional aspects of these levels of organization will be emphasized. In addition, the Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular and Nervous Systems will be investigated.
     This course has been structured to afford you every opportunity to develop your ability to learn, to master the required material and to demonstrate your success in these endeavors. Students who have chosen to enroll in this course are seeking rigorous pre-professional preparation. This course will provide the level of preparation you require.

Final Lab Grades for Biology 105

Final Grades for Biol 105.005 lab

Final Grades for Biol 105.008

Basis of Grade

     Your lab grade is the second component of your final grade.  Your final grade in lab is based on two factors:

1.  Daily quizzes in the lab - Each quiz consists of 15 multiple choice questions.  These questions will be based on the work of the previous lab.   Each question will be presented on a Power point slide together with a graphic, photograph or short video.     The question can be answered by referring to the content of the graphic (see sample lab questions below). These slides will be shown to the class using a digital projector.  Students will have 45 seconds to observe and answer each question.  Quizzes may also include practical questions.   Altogether, there will be 11 quizzes.  The lowest score will be dropped.  The 10 remaining quizzes will constitute 75% of the lab grade.    There are no make ups for missed lab quizzes.  Students must attend the lab following the quiz.  Students who do not remain in class until the end of the period will receive a zero for the quiz.

2.  Final lab exam - A final cumulative laboratory exam will be given to the class on a day and time to be announced.  This exam will be constructed as a lab practicum.  There will be 50 questions.   Students will have 45 seconds to observe and answer each question.  The lab final will be worth 25% of the Final Lab Grade. 

3.  Attendance at all classes, lab or lecture, is mandatory.  Students who are absent for more than two labs will receive an automatic grade reduction in addition to the effect of missing one of the ten required lab quiz grades.    Excessive absence will result in a further grade penalty.  Lateness is not acceptable.   Students should be in class at the starting time in order to take quizzes, tests and get the information of the day.  Late arrivals create a disturbance which is a major distraction for students and instructor.  Lateness may result in a grade reduction.  Students who leave class before the end may be penalized by receiving a zero on that day's quiz.

5.  Cell Phones and other electronic devices -  

The use of cell phones during lessons and exams is expressly prohibited by Biology department and college regulations and is another criterion for evaluating a student's participation in the class.  In addition, cell phones must be off and put away during an exam.  The appearance of a cell phone or any other electronic device  during examinations will be construed as compromising the academic integrity of the exam and may result in the student receiving a zero for the test. 

6.  Students who fail to give their attention to their instructor in a laboratory environment become a hazard to themselves and to their classmates.  These students will be asked to leave the lab. 

Biology 105 - Schedule of Laboratory Exercises

Lab #1 - Language of Anatomy
                The Organ Systems
A. Recitation
   1.  an introduction to anatomical terminology and examples of usage
   2.  the position of organ systems within biological levels of organization 

B. Support Materials  
      1.  Video tape (VHS) - Language of Anatomy
       2.  CD-ROM's:
          a. ADAM 
          b. Body Works
       3.  Power Point Slides - Not Available

C.  Student Work
      1.  Application of Anatomical Terminology
      2.  Review of Organ Systems         

Lab #2 Use of the Microscope
              Introduction to Cytology
              Mitosis - Cell Division
A.  Recitation     
     1.  Introduction to the principals of microscopy.
     2.  The parts of the microscope and their functions.
     3.  The cytology of a selection of body cells.
     4.  The stages of the process of mitosis.

B.  Support Materials
      1.  VHS Tape - Use of the Microscope
      2.  Video Disk(VD):
          a.  Slice of Life
          b.  UCC Video Disk
         
C.  Student Work:
     1.  Examination of the parts of the microscope
     2.  Study of resolving power (letter "e")
     3.  Study of depth of field (crossed threads)
     4.  Preparation of a wet mount slide.
     5.  Study of mitosis using slide of whitefish embryo

D.  Quiz #1 - Language of Anatomy

Lab #3 - Transport Across the Cell Membrane

A.  Recitation
     1.  review of the structure and function of the cell membrane
     2.  discussion of the processes of diffusion, osmosis and dialysis  

B. Support Materials
     1.  Handout distributed in lab
     2.  CD-ROM - The Chemistry of Life
     3.  PowerPoint Slide Review -
         a. Organelles of the Cell
         b. Cell Transport
        
    

C.  Student Work - Using a prepared handout, students will perform lab studies of diffusion, osmosis and dialysis.

D.  Quiz #2 - The Use of the Microscope

Lab #4 - Basic Tissues and Membranes

A.  Recitation - The basic histology of tissues and membranes will be discussed

B.  Support Materials:
     1.  Handouts:  Characteristics of Epithelia
                                 Types of Epithelia
                                Connective tissues
     2.  Computer program (CP) - The Tissues
     3.  CD-ROM - Microscopic Anatomy
     4.  Video Disk (VD):
          a.  Slice of Life
          b.  UCC Video Disk
    5.  PowerPoint Slide Reviews
         a.  The Epithelia
         b.  The Connective Tissues
    6.  Histology Atlas
         a. Atlas of Epithelia
         b. Atlas of Connective tissues

   7.  Suggested Web Site - Virtual Histology Lab

C.  Student Lab Work - Students will study slides of selected epithelial and connective tissues.

D.  Quiz #3 - Cell Transport

Lab #5 - The Integumentary System and Osseous Tissue

A.  Recitation -
     1.  a discussion of the structure and functions of the skin.
     2.  an introduction to the study of osseous tissue and the bones

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handouts: The Skin
                          Osseous tissue
     2.  VD - Slice of Life
     3.  PowerPoint Slide Review - The Skin

C.  Student Lab Work:
     1.  study selected slides of skin both normal and pathological
     2.  review models and specimens set up around the lab.
     3.  introduction to the components of osseous tissue, types of bony tissue and bone categories

D.  Quiz #4 - The Tissues

Lab #6 - The Axial Skeleton and the Fetal Skeleton

A.  Recitation
     1.   a brief description  of the axial skeleton
     2.   a comparison of the fetal and adult skeleton

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handout: Axial skeleton (distributed in lab)
                           Introduction to Skeletal System
     2.  VD - Slice of Life
     3.  CD-ROM - ADAM
                         
C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  to study the bones of the axial skeleton and selected surface features
     2.  to examine the fetal skeleton and compare it with the adult skeleton

D.  Quiz #5 - The Skin

Lab #7 - The Appendicular Skeleton and the Articulations

A.  Recitation
     1.  a brief discussion of the appendicular skeleton
     2.  a review of the various types of articulations

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handout: The Appendicular Skeleton (distributed in lab)
                           Introduction to Skeletal System
                           Articulations
     2.  VD - Slice of Life
     3.  CD-ROM - ADAM   
     4.  PowerPoint Slide Review - Articulations

C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  to study the bones of the appendicular skeleton and selected surface features
     2.  to identify examples of the various types of joints

D.  Quiz #6 - The Axial Skeleton (Not Available)

Lab #8 - Muscle Histology and Basic Physiology

A.  Recitation
     1.  a discussion of the basic histology of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle with an emphasis on skeletal tissue
     2.  a brief discussion of the physiology of muscle fiber contraction

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handout: Muscle tissues
     2.  CD-ROM - Muscle Physiology
     3.  VD - Slice of Life
     4.  VHS - Frog SkeletaL Muscle Physiology
     5.  PowerPoint Slide Review - Muscle tissues
    

C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  to examine microscope slides of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle tissue
     2.  to review the videotape of the physiology of frog muscle contraction

D.  Quiz #7 - Appendicular Skeleton and Articulations 
                                      (Not Available) 

Lab #9 - Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

A.  Recitation - a discussion of the structure and function of selected skeletal muscles

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handout distributed in lab
     2.  CD-ROM's
          a.  ADAM
          b.  Muscle Physiology (interactive module)
     3.  PowerPoint Slide Review -Musculature
         
C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  to become familar with the location, appearance and function of selected skeletal muscles
     2.  to understand the relationship between the points of attachment of muscles and their actions

D.  Quiz #8 - Muscle Tissues

Lab #10 - Histology of Nerve tissue and the Nerve Impulse

A.  Recitation 
     1.  a description of the histology of neurons
     2.  a brief discussion of the nerve impulse

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handout: Nervous tissue
                              Transmembrane potential
     2.  CD-ROM's
          a.  Nervous System I
          b.  Nervous System II
     3.  VD - Slice of Life
     4.  PowerPoint Slide Review - The Neuron

C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  to examine microscope slides of a selection of nervous tissue
     2.  to review the principles of neurophysiology

D.  Quiz #9 - The Musculature 

Lab #11 - The Gross Anatomy of the Brain
                The Cranial Nerves and Their Functions

A.  Recitation -
     1.  a review of the anatomy and functions of the brain
     2.  a review of cranial nerve function

B.  Support Materials
     1.  Handout: The Brain
     2.  CD-ROM's
          a.  Nervous System I
          b.  ADAM
     3.  VHS - Sheep Brain Dissection
     4.  PowerPoint Slide Reviews
          a.  The Cranial Nerves
          b.  The Brain
          c.   Sheep Brain Dissection
C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  dissection of the sheep brain with recognition of important structures and their functions
     2.  identification of the cranial nerves and their functions

D.  Quiz #10 - The Neuron (not given)

Lab #12 - The Anatomy and Functions of the Spinal Cord - Somatic and Autonomic Reflexes

A.  Recitation -
     1.  a discussion of the anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal       nerves
     2.  a review of the functions of the spinal cord and spinal nerves
     3.  an overview of somatic and autonomic reflex pathways

B.  Support Materials
     1.  CD-ROM's
          a.  Nervous System I
          b.  Nervous System II
     2.  VHS - Frog Spinal Reflex and Autonomic Reflex
     3.  PowerPoint Slide Review - The Spinal Cord and Reflexes

C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  dissection of the spinal cord
     2.  testing a variety of somatic and autonomic reflexes

D.  Quiz #11- Anatomy of the Brain

Lab #13 - The Structure and Function of the Eye and Ear

A.  Recitation  
     1.  Anatomy and basic function of the eye.
     2. Anatomy and basic function of the ear and vestibular apparatus. 

B.  Support Materials
     1.  VHS - Sheep Eye Dissection
     2.  CD-ROM - ADAM
     3.  PowerPoint Slide Review - Receptor Organs
         
C.  Student Lab Work
     1.  dissection of the sheep eye
     2.  perform tests of vision. 
     3.  Study models of the ear and vestibular apparatus.
     4.  Perform tests of hearing.