Citing Web Pages

Home Up

 

 

WEB CITATIONS

Online Encyclopedias

For online encyclopedias, use the same format as for encyclopedias that are in print.  Then add the URL.

Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.  S.v. “Socrates.”  Available online at    
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates. (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, Academic Edition (2007). S.v. “Aristotle.”
    Available online at http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9108312. (Accessed on May 8, 2007).

Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia, 2008 Edition.  S.v. “Issac Newton” by Richard. S. Westfall. 
    Available online at http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573959/Isaac_Newton.html. (Accessed   on May 12, 2008)

The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1912 Edition.  S.v. “Socrates” by William Turner. 
    Available online at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14119a.htm. (
    Accessed on May 10, 2008).

The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1912 Edition.  S.v. “Nero” by Karl Hoeber.  Available online
    at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10752c.htm . (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

Classic Encyclopedia Based on the 11th Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica (1911).    
     S.v.  “Socrates.”  Available online at http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Socrates.      
     (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

Websites of Professors located on College or University Web Servers

Prof. Linder has an extensive Web site located at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law.  Below are three links to three of his pages.  The second link is a narrative written by Prof. Linder hence his name appears as the author.  The first link provides an introduction and connects to the second.  The third link lists all the trials covered by the author.  Note that I handled each link slightly differently.  But they all identify the University which hosts these pages. 

“Famous Trials:   The Trial of Socrates:  399 B. C.”  Available online from University of
            Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Law. Douglas O. Linder, JD, Famous
            Trials at : http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/socrates/socrates.htm     
            (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

Douglas Linder, “The Trial of Socrates.” (c) 2002 Available online from University of
            Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Law. Douglas O. Linder, JD, Famous
             Trials at:   http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/socrates/socratesaccount.html.
            (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

“Famous Trials by Douglas O. Linder (2008) UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-KANSAS CITY (UMKC) SCHOOL OF LAW”
        Available online from University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Law. Douglas O. Linder, JD, Famous
        Trials at http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ftrials.htm. (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

"The Ancient History Sourcebook" is another huge site hosted by Fordham University.  Prof. Halsall edits this site which contains entire articles and books.  The article on “Pericles” is taken from the Encyclopedia Brittanica, 11th Ed. (1911).  This is indicated by the title of this Web page.

“Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Pericles” Available online from Fordham University: 
        The Jesuit University of New York: Paul Halsall, editor: Internet History Sourcebooks Project: Internet Ancient History
         Sourcebook: Greece: Athenian Democracy: Pericles at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/eb11-pericles.html.
        (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

This link took me about an hour to unravel so that it is in the current form. The link:  “newton.cam.ac.uk” stands for the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom.  It is a legitimate academic institute associated with a great university.  It does research into various mathematical questions.  Newton was a mathematician.  The article on the biography of Isaac Newton was actually taken from Microsoft’s Encarta encyclopedia.  This is clearly acknowledged on the Web page of the Institute.

“Isaac Newton's Life,” Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge University.
        Copied from  Microsoft® Encarta®. © 1998 sv. “Sir Isaac Newton” by Alfred Rupert Hall.  
       
Available online on the Website of the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences,
        University of Cambridge at http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.html.   (Accessed on May 9, 2008).

My own Website, the one you are looking at, is hosted by Union County College.  It is part of the College's Faculty Pages.  My pages are essentially geared to my students and to the courses that I teach.  I teach History and Government courses in the Economics, Government, and History Department.  Hence the "egh" before my name in the URL.    Note the long chain of nested links to get to the Greeks.  For purposes of our class exercise, the annotated bibliography, I want you to trace the trail from the Home page to the page you are using.

Harold Damerow, "Greeks."  Available online from Union County College> Faculty Pages> Harold Damerow>
        Dr. Damerow> Courses> His 101 Western Civ I> Outline of Ancient History>Greeks at: 
        http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/greeks.htm  (Accessed on May 12, 2008).

Websites by Religious Colleges and Associated Institutes.

I know nothing about the Atlantic Baptist University which is located in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada.  David and Jane Graves run a Web site called Electronic Christian Media.  Its institutional connection to ABU is unclear.  But ECM provides mainly religious information.  Its Web page on the “Code of Hammurabi” is placed in a broader Christian framework and the code is compared, unfavorably, to the laws of Moses.  One must always be aware of and guard against the bias of Web sites.

“Code of Hammurabi” Available online from Baptist Christian University, New Brunswick, Canada:
        Electronic Christian Media: © 2005 David and Jane Graves, Electronic Christian Media  All rights reserved at
        http://www.abu.nb.ca/ecm/topics/arch2.htm (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

Websites of Professors who have their own Commercial Web Sites

Prof. Garth Kemerling has a Ph.D in Philosophy from the University of Iowa (1974) according to his vita page (http://www.philosophypages.com/vita.htm). He has now branched out beyond academia to create the Philosophy Pages for a broader audience.  Like writing a book, writing and maintaining a Web site is both intellectually rewarding and may provide a small income.  If a site becomes truly popular, it may even be bought by some big commercial outfit and make a lot of money.

“Socrates:  A Philosophical Life.”  Philosophy Pages.  Available online from Garth Kemerling’s Philosophypages at:
       
http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/2d.htm. (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

“Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.).”  Philosophy Pages.  Available online from Garth Kemerling’s Philosophypages at:
       http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/socr.htm.  Last modified 9 August 2006. (Accessed on May 10, 2008).

Big Giant Commercial Web Sites.

Selling information is a big, profitable business.  Newspapers, radio station, television networks, publishing houses, in short, the media sell information.  They provide news, information, and entertainment.  But they also make money.  There is money to be made on the World Wide Web, not only by subscribing to services but also through advertising.  Many Web sites sell products but they may also have general information on their sites.  Travel agencies provide information about the places that tourists like to visit:  Athens, Rome, Jerusalem, etc.  When you use a search engine, like Google, there is no distinction between sites that carry information about Socrates or Hammurabi.  All sites will be displayed.  You, the student, have to figure out whose site you are visiting.

The British Broadcasting Corporation is a major source of information and very reputable.

Anthony Claydon, “William III:  4.  Crusade against Louis.” British Broadcasting Company (BBC).  Available online from
             BBC>History>British>Civil War and Revolution at
             http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/william_iii_04.shtml.     
            (Accessed on May 11, 2008).

Britannia.com is an US based company that is both a travel agency and a source of information about Britain.  They are somewhat ambiguous about who they are on their frequently asked questions page (http://britannia.com/faq.html).

On the Web, caveat emptor—the buyer beware. 

”William III and Mary II (1689-1702 AD).” Britannia.org.   Available online from Britannia.org
         Home> History> Monarchs at http://britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon51.html.  
        (Accessed on May 11, 2008).

I will continue to add links.  But note that each Web citation poses its own challenge.  I strongly recommend that you take another look at the page entitled Six Rules for Web Citations.

 

This page was visited Hit Counter times so far.


Copyright Dr. Harold Damerow
Senior Professor of Government and History
Union County College
Cranford. NJ 07016
Updated September 2,, 2008