Classical Civilization

XI. Classical Civilizations: 1200 B.C. - 500 B.C.

      The Assyrian Empire 1360 - 612 B.C.
        First Assyrian Empire
            Assur
        Second Assyrian Empire ~1000 - 612
            Nineveh and Nimrod
            Conquest of Syria-Palestine 732 - 722 BC
            Destroyed Israel 722 BC
            Conquest of Egypt 671 BC
            By 665 BC, Assyria controlled Mesopotamia, western
                Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt
            Fierce military reputation
            Uprising by Medes, Persians, Babylonians, and Egyptians
            Nineveh Destroyed 612 BC

        Canaan and Phoenecia (modern day Lebanon)
            Semitic language speakers
            Adopted Egyptian writing and simplified it
            Created Alphabet
            Sidon and Tyre
            sea faring people
            Colonized. Carthage
            Influenced the Greeks
            conquered by Persia

      Hebrews (See separate Web pages)
        Prehistory ~1900 - 1300
            Abraham, Isaac, Jacob or Israel
            12 sons (tribes) of Israel
            Joseph in Egypt
        Historical Period begins with Moses and Twelve Commandments (in writing)
            Moses, Aaron, and the Conquest of Canaan ~1300 - 1020
            Kingdoms of Israel and Judah 1050 - 586 BC
            Babylonian Captivity 586 - 538 BC
        Second Temple Period 538 BC - 70 AD
        Diaspora

     The Chaldaean or Neo-Babylonian Empire 612 - 539 B.C.
            Nebuchadnezzar
            Conquered by Persians in 539 BC

     The Persian Empire 675 - 330 B.C.
            Achaemenid Dynasty
                Cyrus II the Great, 559 - 530 BC
                    Overthrew overlordship of Medes
                    Defeated Croesus of Lydia
                Cambyses II, 530 - 522 BC
                Darius I, the Great, 521 - 485 BC
                Xerxes, 485 - 465 BC

                Darius III, 336 - 330 BC
                    last of the dynasty is defeated by Alexander the Great

Achaemenid Kings of Persia

                          Period	  Reign		Age at Coronation

Achaemenes

Teispes                 675 - 640 B.C.    35 years

Cyrus I                 640 - 600 B.C.    40 years

Cambyses I              600 - 559 B.C.    41 years

Cyrus II, the Great     559 - 529 B.C.    30 years      40 yrs

Cambyses II             530 - 522 B.C.     8 years

Smerdis, (the Magian)   522

Darius I, the Great     522 - 486 B.C.    36 years      30 yrs

Xerxes I                486 - 465 B.C.    21 years

Artaxerxes I            465 - 425 B.C.    40 years

Xerxes II               424 B.C.          (45 days)

Darius II               423 - 404 B.C.    19 years

Artaxerxes II           404 - 359 B.C.    45 years      32 yr

Artaxerxes III          359 - 339 B.C.    20 years

Arses                   338 - 336 B.C.    2 years

Darius III              336 - 330 B.C.    6 years       45 yrs

Hellenic Period of Greek History ~800 - 336 BCE
See separate Web pages

Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic Empires 336 - 30 BCE
See separate Web pages

Roman History: 753 BCE - 476 CE
See separate Web pages

Origins and Triumph of Christianity to 500 CE
See separate Web pages