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Brief Outline of Jewish History The Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh, or the Old Testament of the Christians is our primary source for the early history of the Jewish people. At first as an oral history, their tribal legends were written down in Genesis. The earliest written parts of the Hebrew Bible date back, probably to the time of the Jewish monarchy. The Hebrew Bible divides the history of the Jewish people into periods. Preliterate Period: ~1800 - ~ 1300 BCE The Patriarchs
Abraham and Sarah Isaac
Jacob or Israel
Joseph Israelites in Egypt ~1600 - ~1400 BCE Historic Period ~1250 BCE -
Moses about 1250 B.C.E.
Joshua and Aaron Period of the Judges
About 1100 B.C. People of the Sea attack First Jewish Monarchy
First Temple Period c.957 – 586 BCE The First Temple Period began with the building of the Jerusalem Temple (c. 957 BCE) by Solomon (970 – 931 BCE). David (1010 – 970 BCE) was the king who made Jerusalem his capital. The first Jewish king was Saul (~1050 – 1010 BCE). After Solomon, the kingdom split into two: the Kingdom of Judah and the Kingdom of Israel. The Assyrians destroyed the Kingdom of Israel in 722 BCE; and the Chaldaean Babylonians destroyed the Kingdom of Judah and the Temple in 586 BCE. What is called the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews lasted from 586 to 338 BCE. The Second Temple was consecrated in 515 BCE. The books of the canonical Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) end their historical accounts shortly after the rebuilding of the Temple
Northern Kingdom of Israel 931 - 722 BCE destroyed by Assyria. King Tiglath-pileser III Southern Kingdom of Judah 931 - 586 BCE destroyed by Chaldaean King Nebuchadnezzar II First Temple Destroyed 586 Babylonian Captivity 586 - 538 BCE King Cyrus the Great allows some of the Exiles to Return to Jerusalem Second Temple Period 535 BCE – 70 CE Nehemiah and Ezra Second Temple Foundation Laid 535 BCE Second Temple Consecrated 516 BCE “The temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius. (Ezra 6:150” Second Temple Destroyed by Romans 70 CE Theocracy under Persian domination 538 - 323 BCE Theocracy under Hellenistic Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt 323 - 200 BCE Theocracy under Hellenistic Kingdom of Seleucid Syria 198 - 160 BCE Antiochus III the Great, ca. 241–187 BC, ruled 223–187 BC) Seleucus IV Philopator, ruled 187 BC to 175 BC Antiochus IV Epiphanes ca. 215 - 264, ruled 175 - 164 BCE Maccabean Revolt starts in 167 Jewish Independence first re-established 165 Celebration of Chanukkah Maccabean (167 – 135) and Hasmonaean (142 - 38 BCE) Periods. Struggle for Independence Under the Maccabees 167 – 135 The Independent Hasmonean Kingdom 142 - 63 BCE Hasmoneans Under Roman Tutelage 63 - 38 BCE Judea under Roman Domination 63 BCE - 70 CE Pompey 63 BCE Hasmoneans Under Roman Tutelage 63 - 38 BCE King Herod the Great 38 - 4 BCE Later Herodians Archelaus ruled Judea and Samaria Herod Antipas ruled Galilee and Peraea Philip ruled Batanaea Archelaus 4 BCE – 6 CE
Herod Agrippa I, 41-44 Roman Procurators, 44-66
The first Jewish-Roman War (years 66 – 73 CE),
Destruction of
the Second Temple 70 CE Diaspora 70 CE - 1948 CE
Creation of the Modern
State of Israel 1948
Later influence on Christianity and Islam
Updated
February 5, 2009 |
