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UNION COUNTY
COLLEGE The regular syllabus contains the required texts and the dates for the scheduled exams. This expanded syllabus should be used as a study guide. It provides outlines for various lectures covering thirteen weeks. This material found on this page is repeated in the more specific pages on the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. There are three hourly exams and a comprehensive final.
Primary Textbook
Hunt, Lynn; Thomas R. Martin; Barbara H. Rosenwein; R. Po-chia
Hsia; and Bonnie G. Smith. Supplementary: Thomas J. Kehoe, Harold E. Damerow, and Jose Marie Duvall, Exploring Western Civilization:
Week 1:
Introduction. Evolution Cosmology: The Evolution of the Universe The Biological Evolution of Human Beings Cultural Evolution Paleolithic, Old Stone Age, Age of Foraging, Scavenging, and Hunting, 2 million years ago to 10,000 B.C. Neolithic, New Stone Age, Age of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C. to 3,500 B.C. Evolution of Civilizations Ancient Civilization--Mesopotamia and Egypt, 3500 B.C. to 1200 B.C. Classical Civilizations--Persian, Greek, and Roman, 1200 B.C. to 500 A.D. Middle Ages--Byzantine, Islamic, and Catholic Christendom, 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Modern Period, 1500 to 2000 A.D.
Early Modern Period 1. Renaissance 2. Voyages of Discovery 3. Development of Capitalism and Formation of a Global Economy 4. Reformation 5. Formation of State System 6. Absolute Monarchy 7. Scientific Revolution States and Dynasties in 1648
Review of the Major States Spain Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile. Their marriage produced the modern State of Spain. The last Muslim stronghold, Granada, was captured in 1492, the same year that Columbus discovered America. The riches of the Americas went to the crown (king) and helped to finance the wars of Charles V and Philip II. The 16th century was the golden age of Spain. Spanish absolutism was intolerant of religious diversity (Muslims and Jews), weakened the development of a middle class, and squandered its resources on wars. The defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588) and the loss of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (completed by 1648) mark the end of Spain's greatness. | and Isabella, 1479 - 1504 Ferdinand | and Philip I, 1504 - 1506 | and Charles I, 1506 - 1516 Habsburg Dynasty Charles I (was also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), 1516 - 1556 The Netherlands Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands were part of the lands inherited by Charles V and thus part of the Habsburg Empire centered on Spain Under Philip II of Spain, civil war erupted and the Netherlands gained independence from Spain. The Dutch formed the first independent Republic of modern history. The Seventeen Provinces were themselves split between Catholic and Calvinist, which resulted in a split between what are today the Netherlands and Belgium. Phillip II, 1556 - 1598, of Spain Margaret of Parma, Regent of the Netherlands, 1559 - 1567 William the Silent of the House of Orange, b. 1533 - 1568 Duke of Alva, b. 1508 - 1582, seeks to subdue Netherlands from 1567 to 1573 when he resigns. Water Beggers capture Brill 1572 and begin new conflict. Pacification of Ghent, 1576, all provinces unite against Spain Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, subdued southern, Catholic provinces by restoring their old privileges, 1578 - 1592. He could not conquer seven, northern, Protestant provinces. Union of Utrecht, 1579, of seven, Northern, Protestant provinces-- Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Groningen, Friesland, Overyssel--formed the United Provinces of the Netherland Hereditary Stadtholder settled on House of Orange Dutch Declare Independence from Spain 1581 Spanish Armada 1588 Twelve Year Truce 1609 Republic of the United Provinces’ independence recognized in Treaty of Westphalia, 1648
Germany What is today called Germany used to be known as the Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire never became a strong centralized state in the manner of Spain or France. The position of Holy Roman Emperor was an elective position. Seven powerful noblemen, called Electors, chose the Emperor. Usually, the Habsburgs, rulers of Austria, were elected Emperors. Through wars and marriages, the Habsburgs had also become the Kings of Spain and the most powerful royal family in Europe. Charles V was the greatest of the Habsburg Kings. The Protestant Reformation broke out in Saxony, Germany, during his period of rule. In 1556, Charles V abdicated and split his Empire between his son, Philip II of Spain, and his brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. This produced two lines of Habsburg rulers, the Spanish Habsburgs and the Austrian Habsburgs. Both sides of the family continued to cooperate with each other. The Austrian Habsburgs continued to be the Holy Roman Emperors. As said before, the Holy Roman Empire was never a centralized, modern state. It continued to be a Feudal Monarchy with a weak central government (the Austrian Emperor) and many local rulers: princes, prelates, and merchant free cities. These princes, like their people, split into Catholic and Protestant camps. Catholics versus Protestants Peasants Revolt Rival Leagues Peace of Augsburg 1555
Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648) Catholics versus Lutherans and Calvinists The Empire versus the Regional Princes Centralization versus Local Autonomy Habsburgs against everyone else Foreign Intervention: Dutch, Danes, Swedes, French Treaty of Westphalia 1648 As a result of the Thirty Years War, Germany split into a weak Confederation of over 300 semi-independent states under the Emperor. It continued to be called Holy Roman Empire Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Hanover, and Bavaria were important states within the Empire. Austria and Prussia were Great Powers independent of the Holy Roman Empire.
France Valois Line of Kings Catholics versus Huguenots Civil War 1567 - 1589 Valois, Bourbon, Guise, Montmorency Families St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, August 24, 1572 Henry of Navarre, leader of the Huguenots, becomes King Henry IV, first of the Bourbon line of kings Edict of Nantes 1598 Politiques Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Mazarin Louis XIV England Queent Elizabeth I, last of the Tudors, died in 1603 King versus Parliament Stuart Dynasty: King James I and King Charles I Anglicans versus Catholics and Calvinists Puritan Revolution Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth Restoration of Stuarts: Charles II and James II Glorious Revolution: William III and Mary II
Week 2 Absolutism and Constitutionalism From Feudal Monarchies to Absolute Monarchy The Creation of the Sovereign State--Jean Bodin Internal Sovereignty External Sovereignty Constitutionalism in the Netherlands and England French Absolutism Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Mazarin Louis XIV Louis XIV Versailles Court Culture Mercantilism and Jean Colbert, b. 1619 - 1683 French Colonization Religious Conformity to the Will of the Catholic King Jansenism, 1660, 1710 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685 Louis Wars Russian Absolutism The Emergence of Russia Peter the Great Forced Westernization The Great Northern War Prussian Absolutism The Emergence of Prussia Frederick the Great Seizure of Silesia War of the Austrian Succession Seven Years War
Other Countries Resilient Habsburgs of Austria
Week 3 The Formation of the Modern Value System.
European Colonization of the World Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Dutch, French, & English Empires Plantation System and the Slave Trade Mercantilism French and British Rivalry in North America, Caribbean, & India British Triumph of 1763
The State System After Louis XIV France under Louis XV and XVI Decline of the Dutch Republic England under the First Hanoverians Russia under Peter the Great Growth of Prussia Austria, Poland, Ottomans
Modern Astronomy and Physics
The Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus (b. 1473 – d. 1543) Tycho BraheTycho (b. 1546-1601) Johannes Kepler (b 1571 – 1630) Galileo Galilei (b. 1564 – 1642) Isaac Newton FRS (b. 1643 – 1727)
Modern Philosophy and Social Science
The Philosophical Revolution Francis Bacon 1561 - 1626 Rene Descartes 1596 - 1650 Benedict Spinoza 1632 - 1677 Thomas Hobbes 1588 - 1679 John Locke 1632 - 1704 David Hume 1711 - 1776 Immanuel Kant 1724 - 1804
Constitutional and Democratic Thought
The Social Revolution The Social Contract Theory of the State Natural Rights Freedom of Religion and Conscience Limited, Constitutional Government Equality Democracy
Week 4
The Enlightenment (Kehoe: 51 - 59; 63 – 72) The Popularization of the Modern Value System The Salons of Rich Court Ladies Voltaire Encyclopaedists The Physiocrats Jean Jacques Rousseau
Roots of Industrialization Enlightened Despotism Maria Theresa of Austria (r. 1740 – 1780) Frederick II, the Great of Prussia (r. 1740–1786) War of the Austrian Succession (1740 – 1748) Seven Years War (1756 -1763) Diplomatic Revolution Catharine II the Great of Russia (1762 - 1796) Partition of Poland
The American Revolution
First Hourly Week 5 Hunt, Chapter 16
The French Revolution A Rich Country and a Broke Government All Social Classes Were Discontented Enlightenment Criticism The Financial Crisis Weak Monarchs, Selfish Aristocrats Parlement Calling the Estates General
THE ESTATES GENERAL 1789
NATIONAL (CONSTITUENT) ASSEMBLY (1789 - 1791)
Storming of the Bastille Great Fear King Moves to Paris Abolishing the Privileges of the Nobility Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Civil Constitution of the Clergy Assignats Limited Monarchy Established
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791-1792) Rise of the Jacobins Growth of Republican Sentiment War Erupts King Flees from Paris
NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792 - 1795 Convention Abolishes the Monarchy, September 21, 1792 King Louis XVI is guillotined on January 21, 1793 Reign of Terror and Maximilian Robespierre Thermidorean Reaction
DIRECTORY, 1795 -1799
NAPOLEON Personal Biography Rise to Power Consulate Empire Domestic Reforms Conquest of Europe Defeat: War of 1812 The Hundred Days Legacy
Week 6: Hunt, Chapter 17
Reaction and the Restoration of Legitimate Monarchies
The Congress of Vienna Metternich, Castlereagh, Alexander I, Hardenberg Quadruple Alliance Talleyrand of France Quintuple Alliance Holy Alliance Balance of Power, Legitimacy, Compensation
Concert System
Aix la Chapelle 1818 removed occupation troops from France Troppau October 1820 authorized intervention to prevent revolution Congress of Laibach January 1821 authorized repression in Naples Congress of Verona October 1822 authorized repression in Spain American Monroe Doctrine of 1823
The Conservative Order of the Nineteenth Century Reactionary Governments in Austria, Prussia, and the Germanies Postwar Repression in Great Britain Bourbon Restoration in France
Industrial Revolution
Phase One of the Industrial Revolution: 1750 - 1850
Enclosure Movement Revolution in Agriculture Technological Innovation in Great Britain Textile Industry Steam Engine Iron Production Canal Building Railroads Factory System and the Industrial Proletariat Industrial Capitalism Exploitation of Women and Children Working-Class Political Action Industrial Cities, Crime, and Order Classical Economic Liberalism Utopian Socialism Marxian (Scientific) Socialism
Ideologies Conservatism Liberalism Romanticism Nationalism Socialism
Revolutions from 1820 to 1848 Spanish Revolution of 1820 Greek Revolution of 1821 Serbian Independence 1830 Latin American Wars of Independence 1804 - 1824 Decembrist Revolt in Russia 1825 Revolution in France 1830 Independence of Belgium 1830 Great Reform Act of Great Britain 1832 1848 Second Republic of France and Louis Napoleon Roman Republic Frankfurt Parliament Liberalism Defeated Again
Week 7
Napoleon III and the Second French Empire: 1851 - 1870
Unification of Italy
Crimean War 1853 - 1856 Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Garibaldi Kingdom of Piedmont Sardinia Victor Emmanuel II 1849 - 1878 Count Camillo Cavour Plombieres meeting between Cavour and Napoleon III Lombardi and Ventetia under Austrian Rule War with Austria 1959 Battles of Magenta and Solferino France makes a seperate peace with Austria. Parma, Modena, Tuscany, and Romagna unite with Piedmont 1860 Garibaldi’s War against Kingdom of Two Sicilies 1861 Papal States ; Patrimony of St. Peter Denunciations by Pope Venetia 1866 Rome 1870
German Unification
German Unification Under Prussian Leadership Austria and France Opposed Unification William I and Otto von Bismarck Defying the Reichstag and Collecting Taxes without Parliament War Against Denmark 1864 Austro-Prussian War 1866 Franco-Prussian War 1870 -1871 German Empire Proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles Shift in the European Balance of Power
Week 8 Hunt, Chapter 19 Developments from 1871 to 1914 Political Developments
Imperial Germany Chancellor Bismarck Isolating France Conservative Politics Using Nationalism Paternalism and Social Security The Social Democrats Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church William II becomes Kaiser in 1888 Bismarck’s Ouster in 1890 Building Up the Navy A Place in the Sun: The Quest for Empire Aggressive Nationalism The Road to War
Third French Republic The Paris Commune A Republic By Default General Georges Boulanger The Dreyfus Affair Breaking Out of Isolation Alliance with Russia Entende with the United Kingdom
The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Developments in Russia
Great Britain: Towards Democracy
Scramble for Africa
European Imperialism
Phase Two of the Industrial Revolution and Social Problems at Home: 1850 - 1914 Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, & Oil Bessemer Process of Steel Production Internal Combustion Engine and the Automobile Telegraph, Phonograph, Telephone Wright Brothers develop first Airplane The Rise of the Middle Class Second Class Citizens: Women, Jews, Workers Trade Unionism The Demanding the Right to Vote: Expanding the Franchise The Birth of Bolshevism in Russia The Origins of the Welfare State
New Directions in Thought Auguste Comte and Positivism Utilitarianism Charles Darwin and Theory of Evolution Science and Religion X Rays and Radiation Realism and Naturalism Modernism in Art Friedrich Nietzsche 1844 - 1900 Sigmund Freud, 1855 - 1939, and Psychoanalysis Social Darwinism and Racism Anti Semitism and the Birth of Zionism Feminism Quantum Mechanics and the Atom Relativity and the Universe
European Domination of the Globe to 1914 The New Imperialism The Scramble for Africa The Decline of the Ottoman Empire Imperialism in Asia: India, China, Japan American Imperialism Three Emperor's League of 1873 Russo-Turkish War of 1885 Treaty of San Stefano of March 1878 Congress of Berlin 1878 Dual Alliance Rival Alliance Systems
Second Hourly Examination Week 9
Toward World War I
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entende: France, United Kingdom, and Russia Maroccan Crises Balkan Crises Outbreak of World War I Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 in Serajevo
World War I
Trench Warfare on the Western Front Russian Defeat on the Eastern Front Submarine Warfare at Sea Entry of the United States The Russian Revolutions in March and November 1917 German Defeat The Versailles Treaty League of Nations
The Russian Revolution
The Weimar Republic in Germany
Fascism in Italy
The Roaring Twenties
Week 10
World Wide Depression, 1929
Nazism in Germany: 1933 - 1939
The Rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany Persecution of the Jews Spanish Civil War Appeasement in the Democracies Munich and the Rape of Czechoslovakia Invasion of Poland
World War II: 1939 - 1945
Hitler-Stalin Pact Invasion of Poland Blitzkrieg and the Fall of France The Battle of Britain Operation Barbarossa: Invasion of Russia, June 1941 Japanese Imperialism Against China Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941: "A Day That Will Live in Infamy" The United Nations: US, UK, USSR, France, & China The Tide Turns: Stalingrad and Midway Invasion of Normandy Unconditional Surrender of Nazi Germany and its Allies The Atomic Bombs and the Surrender of Japan The Holocaust Building a New World: The United Nations Cultural Legacy of Totalitarianism
Third Hourly Examination Week 11 Hunt, Chapter 22
The Cold War: 1945 - 1953
Breakdown of the Wartime Alliance Disagreements over Poland and Occupied Germany An Iron Curtain has Fallen Over Europe Formation of East and West Germany NATO and the Warsaw Pact Marshall Plan and the Rebuilding of Western Europe Fall of China Korean War McCarthyism in US
The Cold War: 1953 - 1965
Massive Retaliation Cuban Missile Crisis Away from the Brink
The United Nations and Decolonization: 1945 - 1965
The United Nations System Decolonization in the Middle East Creation of the State of Israel Decolonization in Asia Independence for India and Pakistan The Victory of Communism in China Indonesia and the Philippines French Indo-China Sues Canal Crisis 1956 Decolonization in Africa British Colonies in Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Rhodesia Apartheid in South Africa The War Against the French in Algeria The Tragedy of the Belgian Congo Majority Rule in South Africa The End of European Colonialism Third World Economic Dependence?
Culture of the Early Post-War Period
Consumerism The Beat Generation Civil Rights Movement The Age of Eisenhower, Adenauer, and Eden Existentialism The Sixties and John F. Kennedy
Week 12 Revolution in Technology The Pill and the Sexual Revolution Television and in Color Jet Airliners to Everywhere A Man on the Moon Home Computers, Cell Phones, and the Internet Heart Transplants, DNA, and Cloning Credit Cards and International Banking
Big Government, Big Business, and Big Labor Growth of Public and Private Bureaucracies The Multinational Corporations Transnational Banking From Blue Collar to White Collar Service Sector Growth Research, Development, Education, Advertising, Entertainment
Pop Art Vatican Council II The Cold War: 1965 - 1991
Vietnam War: 1965 - 1975 Detente Russian Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979 The Fall of the Shah in Iran and the Rise of Muslim Fundamentalism, 1979 Ronald Reagan’s Star Wars Mikhail Gorbachev, Glasnost, Perestroika, and the End of Communism Developments in Eastern Europe Break-Up of the Soviet Union How the West Won the Cold War
Week 13
The World Since the Fall of Communism: 1991 - 2001
From Yeltsin to Putin in Russia Wars in the Balkans: The Unravelling of the Former Yugoslavia The Aids Epidemic in Africa The Middle East: Always in Turmoil Nuclear Rivalry Between India and Pakistan Capitalistic Communism in China Formation of the European Union Expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe Gerhard Schroeder, Tony Blair, and Jacques Chirac in the 1990s The Role of the United States under Bill Clinton
The New Millennium in the United States
George W. Bush and the Election of 2000 Reforming the United Nations September 11, 2001 War on Terrorism Afghanistan and Iraq and Afghanistan Bush is Re-elected in 2004 Dmitry Medvedev elected President of Russia, March 2008 Meltdown of the Banking System, 2008 Election of Barak H. Obama, November 2008
European Union
Globalization
Nuclear Proliferation Missiles and Space Exploration Pollution and Global Warming Poverty and the Global Population Explosion Running Out of Things: Oil, Forests, Drinking Water Computers, the Internet, and the Revolution in Telecommunications Mapping the Human Genome and Biotechnology Plastics, Ceramics, and Exotic Chemicals String Theory: The Theory of Everything in Physics Modern Art and Architecture Postmodernism Whatever It May Be Existentialism and Analytic Philosophy Human Rights, Democracy, and Social Welfare Religious Revival: Fundamentalism of all Sorts Ecumenical Reconciliation: The Need for a New Global Value System The Global Village
Copyright Dr. Harold Damerow
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