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History 101 Help to Study for the Final.
A. Your Final has one essay worth 25% on either the Renaissance or the Reformation. B. There are 75 Multiple Choice questions drawn from Chapters 1 through 12 in the Hunt text.
The outline below should be useful in reviewing for the multiple choice questions.
Pre-History Evolution of Humanity Paleolithic (2,000,000 – 10,000 BCE Hunting and gathering way of life Homo neanderthalensis (to 40,000 BCE) Homo sapiens sapiens (200,000 BCE developed in Africa) Cro-Magnon Man 30,000 BCE Cave Paintings Burial practices Neolithic Agriculture began in Middle East (Iran) about 10,000 BCE Village societies may grow to towns. Jericho may have had 5000 people Ancient Civilization are based on irrigation agriculture and formation of city-states (10 characteristics) Mesopotamia—land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, modern Iraq Sumerians City-states Theocracies Ziggurat Epic of Gilgamesh Ur, Lagash, Uruk Akkad Sargon I, the first Empire Builder Babylon Hammurabi Law Code of Hammurabi Kassites Assyrians Neo-Babylonian Egypt is the gift of the Nile and has natural frontiers Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom Hyksos Invasion New Kingdom Hebrews Monotheism Minoans Myceneans Classical Civilization Persians Greeks Multiple City-States The Garrison State of Sparta Direct Democracy in Athens Persian Wars Peloponnesian War Pericles Socrates Plato Aristotle Hellenistic Civilization Alexander the Great Epicureanism Stoicism Neoplatonism Romans Early Republic Patricians and Plebeans Consuls, Tribunes First and Second Triumvirates Augustus Principate Rise of Christianity Third Century Decline Autocracy Diocleatian Tretrarchy Constantine Edict of Milan Arian Christianity and the Council of Nicea Battle of Adrianople Theodosius Split of Roman Empire into Western and Eastern Empire after 395 CE Germanic Invasions of Western Empire Visigoths in Spain Ostrogoths in Italy Franks in Gaul Angles, Saxons, Jutes in England Burgundians Vandals in Spain Middle Ages (500 – 1500 CE) Three Successor States Byzantium Islamic Frankish Frankish Kingdom Merovingian Carolingian Treaty of Verdun 843 9th Century Invasions Norsemen Magyars Muslims Feudalism and Manorialism Formation of the Holy Roman Empire Conrad the Franconian Henry I (the Fowler), Duke of Saxony Otto I Magyars Battle of Lechfeld Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome Henry III King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII Investiture Struggle Concordat of Worms (1122) Formation of the Kingdom of France Ending of the Carolingian Dynasty Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet Phillip (II) Augustus St. Louis (Louis IX) and the Albigensian Crusade Phillip IV (the Fair), Edward I of England, and Pope Boniface VIII Valois Dynasty Hundred Year War Battle of Crecy Battle of Agincourt Joan of Arc Dauphin Charles VII of France Formation of the Kingdom of England Norman Conquest (1066) William the Conqueror Doomsday Book Bayeux Tapestries Plantagenet Henry II Eleanor of Aquitaine Common Law Richard the Lionhearted King John and the Magna Charta Simon de Montfort and origins of Parliament Model Parliament 1295 Formation of the Papal Monarchy The Church under Feudalism Cluniac Reform Movement preaches an End Simony End Lay Investiture Emperor Henry III appoints Pope Leo IV Creation of the College of Cardinals Gregory VII and the Investiture Struggle Victory over the Holy Roman Empire Urban II preaching the First Crusade The First Crusade conquers Jerusalem (1099) Pope Innocent III Lateran Council IV Boniface VIII Conflict with the Kings of France and England Culture of the High Middle Ages From the Romanesque to the Gothic Learning from Islam Arabic Numbers The Number Zero Algebra Philosophy and Medicine Scholasticism Rediscovering the Logical works of Aristotle Albertus Magnus Peter Abelard Thomas Aquinas Rise of the Universities Oxford, Cambridge, Paris, Bologna, Prague, Heidelberg Theology at Paris Law at Bologna Vernacular Literature Dante Alighieri”s Divine Comedy Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales Decline of the Middle Ages The Black Death 1347 -1352 The Avignon Papacy The Hundred Years War between France and England Civil War in England (The War of the Roses) Henry VII Tudor of England (1485) Italian Renaissance (1350 – 1600) The Rise of Independent City-States in Northern Italy Republic of Venice Republic of Florence (Medici family) Principality of Milan (Visconti and Sforza families) Growing Class Divisions: Popolo Grosso and Popolo Minuto Strong men: condottieri Individualism This-worldly rather than other-worldly Growing secularism Humanism Petrarch The Middle Ages is viewed as a Dark Age Glorification of Rome and all things classical Return to Classical Latin. Medieval or Church Latin is viewed as a corruption Further growth of
vernacular languages Petrarch’s Poems to Laura
Developments in Art of Perspective, Oil Based Paint, Realism Giotto begins Renaissance art Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael Nicolo Machiavelli’s The Prince Northern Renaissance Sir Thomas More, Utopia (1516) Erasmus of Rotterdam, In Praise of Folly (1509) Michel de Montaigne (1533 – 1593) developed the essay. William Shakespeare, Hamlet (1601)
Voyages of Discovery Re-conquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims Kingdom of Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator Unification of Spain under Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon Conquest of Granada Christopher Columbus of Genoa discovers America (1492) Hernando Cortes (1485 – 1547) conquers Aztec Empire of Mexico Francisco Pisarro (1475 -1541) conquers Inca Empire of Peru Reformation Martin Luther Posted 95 Theses opposing the sale of indulgences on the Cathedral Door at the University of Wittenberg, Saxony, Germany Justification by Faith The Bible as the sole authority for the Christian religion Emperor Charles V Frederick the Wise, Elector and Duke of Saxony Diet of Worms Luther is condemned as a heretic, placed under the Interdict of the Empire, but hides out successfully at the Wartburg, where he translates the Bible into German. Peasant’s War 1525 John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) Predestination Theocracy in Geneva French Huguenots St. Bartholomew’s Day August 24, 1572 Anglicanism Henry VIII established Anglican Church when Pope would not give him annulment from his wife . Act of Supremacy 1529 Edward VI Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) Elizabeth I Book of Common Prayer Anabaptists Catholic Counter Reformation Pope Paul III Council of Trent Ignatius Loyola founds Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Baroque style in art Wars of Religion Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648) The Rise of Muscovy Tax Collectors for the Mongols The Third Rome—Moscow The Russian Orthodox Church Russian Tsars or Czars Ivan III Ivan IV the Terrible Ottoman Empire Fall of Byzantium in 1453 |